沙特汽车市场分析及开拓沙特汽车市场的建议
沙特汽车市场分析及开拓沙特汽车市场的建议
沙特是海湾地区最大的汽车市场,2006年销量预计将达到40万辆,世界各大汽车厂家普遍看好这一市场,中国汽车企业也不例外。据不完全统计,中国汽车企业中,长城、奇瑞、东风汽车集团所属三家汽车公司、金龙客车、金龙旅行车、北方奔驰、金杯、北汽福田、中国重汽集团、宇通、常林重型机械、一汽集团、哈飞、众泰、上汽五菱等17家汽车公司已经进入沙特市场,还有一些汽车企业正积极联系,准备进军沙特市场。据不完全统计,2006年中国汽车在沙销售总量约为6000台,其中3000多台经由沙特销往伊拉克;销售情况比较好的企业有长城、奇瑞、金龙客车以及福田等。
17家中国汽车企业中,多数符合沙特SASO标准,但获得海合会GSO认证的只有6家。
在沙特市场,中国汽车还是新军,面对激烈的市场,中国汽车企业必须付出更大的努力。通过调查研究,我们对2006年沙特汽车市场形势以及中国汽车面临的问题进行了深入的分析,供参考。
一、 沙特汽车市场特点
1、 市场格局
| 市场地位 | 品牌 | 产品 | 市场份额 |
| 市场领导者 | 丰田 | 花冠、佳美、陆上巡洋舰、霸道 | 57% |
| 市场挑战者 | 现代 | 索娜塔、伊兰特 | 30% |
| 市场追随者 | GM雪佛兰、本田、福特、大众等 | 探索者、雅阁、蒙迪欧、帕莎特等 | 13% |
2、 市场环境与消费特点
沙特是海湾地区最大的汽车市场,有以下特点 :
| 市场特点 | 产品供应 |
| 人均收入高 | 中高档车市场份额较大 |
| 地域广大,道路和交通基础设施发达 | 重视产品质量,产品需要长时间驾驶不产生故障, |
| 油价便宜(国内油价的1/5),没有养路费、过路费、停车费等各种费用,养车成本低廉 | 喜欢排量较大的车 |
| 人口较少,政府鼓励生育,6人以上的大家庭很普遍 | 内部空间较大的车很流行,如MPV和SUV销量都呈上升趋势,而一些小排量的迷你车,如QQ等,主要是做为快餐店送货用车 |
| 消费者迷恋品牌,消费习惯较为保守 | 日本、韩国、美国、欧洲的知名品牌垄断市场,丰田花冠、佳美两个系列的汽车一直是单品种销量冠军 |
二、 中国汽车在沙特市场所面临的问题
1、 认证问题
1)GCC认证
(1)海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会
GCC是海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会的英文(Gulf Cooperation Council)缩写。海湾合作委员会于1981年5月25日在阿联酋阿布扎比成立。其成员国为沙特阿拉伯,科威特,阿拉伯联合酋长国,卡塔尔,阿曼苏丹王国,巴林王国等6国。总秘书处设在沙特阿拉伯首都利雅得,是中东地区一个重要的经济组织。
(2)机动车辆及轮胎产品GCC认证简介
根据GCC标准组织(GSO)于2004年10月12日在科威特部长会议上做出的决定,自2005年1月1日起,GSO将依照相关海湾标准对机动车辆及轮胎产品进行检验并颁发GCC认证证书。被核准的GCC证书将在所有GCC成员国内有效。
(3)GCC认证的主要程序
l 完整填写GCC认证咨询表,向咨询公司提出申请 ;
l 企业依照相关海湾标准的方法及要求在GCC认可的实验室对机动车辆及轮胎产品进行检测;
l 咨询公司协助企业根据检测数据制作需要向GSO提交的技术及认证文件;
l GSO将对企业提交的文件进行审查,如审查合格,GSO将向企业颁发GCC认证证书, 如审查不合格, GSO将通知企业申请未被通过,并告知原因;
l GCC认证证书有效期满后,需重新制作申请延期的文件,申请新的GCC证书
详细的认证程序请见附件一.
(4)GCC认证证书的类别以有效期限
GCC认证证书根据机动车辆及轮胎产品的不同种类分为以下类别:
| 证书类别 | 有效期 |
| 机动车辆的GCC符合性认证证书 | 自签署日期起至当年的公历12月底止 |
| 乘用车轮胎的GCC符合性认证证书 | 自签署日期期的一年 |
| MPV、大客车、载货车、和挂车轮胎的GCC符合性认证证书 | 自签署日期期的一年 |
| 临时用备胎的GCC符合性认证证书 | 自签署日期期的一年 |
(5)海湾六国汽车产品GCC认证标准索引
详见附件二
(6)中国汽车通过GCC认证情况
目前,只有极少数中国汽车企业的产品通过GCC认证。有一些厂家已经开始申请,有的则还未开始行动。对于早期进入沙特市场的,已经获得了老的GCC认证的汽车,可以申领新版GCC认证,并不强制要求提供测试报告;对于新型汽车,则必须进行测试,测试通过后可获得GCC认证。
中国的微型汽车,通过碰撞等试验相当困难,已有汽车企业的车辆未能通过碰撞测试,这一点应引起汽车企业重视。
中国汽车企业应尽快取得GCC认证,否则,中国汽车及汽车零部件将无法再销往海湾国家,初步建立起来的市场就会迅速萎缩;已经销售出去的汽车会因为零部件的缺乏,难以进行维修、维护;沙特经销商也会因货源问题无法解决而丧失信心,已经建立起来的营销网络面临解体;中国汽车的声誉也将受到严重影响。
中国汽车企业,特别是已经进入沙特市场的企业,重应高度重视认证工作,尽快行动起来。
2) INTERTEK 认证
(1)关于Intertek Testing Services公司:
Intertek Testing Services公司(以下简称ITS公司)是全世界最大的商品和工业品检验公司之一,提供很广范围内的测试,检验和认证服务。
ITS 公司在87个国家内直接进行业务工作,此外还在16个国家通过代理进行业务工作。ITS有8500多雇员和大约7000 名合同专家,在世界各地 228个实验室和459个办公室中工作。
ITS公司及其下属机构 Foreign Trade Standards,独立于任何工业公司之外, 有详细的操作规范,以保证它的所有雇员专业化地公正地操作。
Foreign Trade Standards帮助政府,标准机构和海关部门审查进口关税是否正确申报,缴纳,进口商品是否符合安全标准及其他标准。
(2)INTERTEK认证在沙特
沙特政府认可INTERTEK认证,也有中国企业正在申请INTERTEK认证。
3) GCC认证与INTERTEK认证的关系
(1)GCC认证主要针对新车和轮胎的认证,拿到GCC认证等于拿了到出口汽车和轮胎到海湾国家的资质。GCC认证有一定的有效期,到期后要延期或重新检验再签发;
(2)INTERTEK认证是对出口产品的质量认证,每一批出口产品都要经INTERTEK认证,合格的才能够通关。
2、 定位问题
沙特汽车市场有着与其它国家不同的特点。
随着国际市场原油价格的不断攀升,沙特经济增长迅速,国民收入大幅度提高,购买力增强,消费向高档化发展,而且沙特汽车进口关税只有5%,因此高档车很有市场。
原油价格的上涨,导致世界各国成品油价格的居高不下。与此相反,沙特的汽油价格不升反降,目前汽油价格仅相当于人民币1.3元/升。因此,在沙特开车不在乎油耗,这就使得对大排量的汽车更有市场。
沙特家庭人口较多,微型汽车不适合沙特家庭,而家庭又是消费的主体,因此微型车不太适合沙特市场。
鉴于以上特点,建议中国汽车企业按照沙特市场特殊的需求,投放有针对性地产品,只有适销对路,才能进入市场,不断壮大。
3、 营销问题
(1)中国产汽车在沙特的营销体系不健全
主要体现在:
销售网络小,店面少;
因配件进口等原因,售后服务跟不上;
没有长远的市场体系建设与营销的策略。
(2)宣传力度不够
沙特市场非常成熟,基本上是完全竞争的市场,各种品牌间竞争非常激烈。
中国汽车品牌知名度不高,而销售价格与竞争者相比又不具有较大优势,性价比不突出,较难吸引购买者。在销售形势不理想的情况下,沙特经销商在宣传与销售上陷入了恶性循环,那就是:无论采用何种办法,投入多少金额的广告宣传,但由于产品定位不够合理,价格缺乏优势,性价比不突出,销售增长对于广告宣传投入不敏感,销量提高有限;而加大投入只会增大亏损,经销商无奈减少广告和其它投入,期望减少亏损,但这样做的结果导致销量更没有起色。由于销量相对于促销活动的投入不敏感,经销商陷入以下尴尬局面:
加大广告和促销力度 → 销量变化不大,亏损加大
减少广告投入 → 销量萎缩
(3)售后服务问题
中国企业很少派工程师到国外,而当地技术人员的水平有待提高;
维修网点少,用户维修不方便;
零备件供应不充足。
4、 代理问题
中国汽车进入沙特市场,一般都是通过与沙特代理签订代理协议的方式来进行的,代理的市场运营能力直接影响中国汽车在沙特的市场前景。
目前,各汽车代理的主要问题是:
l 一些经营中国汽车的公司,刚涉足汽车销售行业,营销经验不足;
l 资金投入不够;
l 同时经营其它汽车产品,精力有限;
l 与中方经营思路不完全一致。
5、 中国汽车企业与沙特代理的合作问题
中国汽车企业与沙特代理的合作方面存在如下问题:
(1)对沙特代理的提出的建议,中方态度不积极,配合不够,或者干脆不答复;有时虽答复但显得非常傲慢,甚至说出“你们干不好我们就找其他代理”这样的话,对方难以接受。因为沙特代理一般都已经投入很多人力、财力、物力,而且根据沙特法律,更换代理也不是中方一方情愿的事。
(2)语言障碍使双方沟通困难。很多中国汽车企业还缺乏具有较高外语水平的工作人员,在与代理进行交流时,经常因为使用语言或者词汇不当,冒犯对方,造成不愉快,应尽量避免。
(3)中国的外汇管理制度使双方资金往来困难,中方应支付给代理的一些费用往往因为外汇管制问题难以直接汇出,只能在新订单中折算,为此沙特代理经常抱怨。
三、 对中国汽车进军沙特市场的建议
1、 吸取国际知名品牌的营销经验
在目前的市场品牌中,韩国现代上升趋势最快,大有取代日本车地位的苗头,其经验尤其值得借鉴:
l 以低价切入市场(现代雅绅特在进入市场初期只卖1500美元,以吸引人气);
l 以切合市场需求的配置和最新的外表吸引客户;
l 牺牲不必要的配置,制定最优的零售价格以实现最佳性价比;
l 根据市场反馈,改善产品质量,增强消费者对产品的信心;
l 大面积和高密度的广告投入(现代为了在沙特推新车AZERA,投入了300万美元电视广告)
2、 尽快获得GCC认证及其它质量认证
现阶段,认证成了中国汽车、汽车零部件进入沙特市场的最大障碍。而认证手续繁杂、标准严格。中国汽车企业应首先吃透标准,改进生产工艺,进一步提高产品质量;然后搞清楚检验过程,做好各项测试准备工作;最后邀请检验机构派专家进行现场测试。
3、 要有长远的眼光
中国汽车企业与经销商必须转换思路,以长远和全盘的角度考虑,制定3-5年的市场发展计划。
(1)投放高质量、外观美观、符合沙特需求特点的产品。必须一开始就强调以质取胜,如果质量低劣,在消费者心中造成了不好的印象,扭转品牌形象的工作将非常困难,而且代价特别巨大。
(2)强化品牌推广、强力塑造品牌形象,避免出现知识产权问题,中国民族汽车工业的“自主品牌”不论是商标、外观、技术成分等都必须够坚挺。从世界汽车工业发展历史来看,每一个后起之秀的崛起,根本原因都是建立在创新的基础上。中国汽车工业,只有创新才能发展。
(3)从市场追随者开始做起,拟定合适的价格定位和产品定位,扩大市场份额。合适的价格,并不一定就是低价格。虽然中国汽车在海外的竞争力主要体现在低成本、低价格上,但低价格不能长期维持我们在世界汽车市场的地位,这不应该是中国汽车工业的未来方向。中国汽车,千万不要陷入仅仅靠低价格进行竞争的怪圈。
(4)中国汽车进军海外市场,必须深思熟虑,做好规划,切忌盲目。
4、 确定科学的营销策略
(1)抓好销售与服务网络的建设。沙特虽然地域广大,但国土绝大部分是沙漠,人口集中在几个大城市里,其中,利雅得、达曼、吉达是沙特的前三大城市,汽车销售量的70-80%集中在此,除外还有6个中型城市。
(2)确立合适、有效的促销手段
(3)重视售后服务,加强对当地技术人员的培训。
(4)有条件的企业可以长期或定期派人来沙特指导工作、培训人员、了解情况。针对市场的变化,及时调整营销策略。
5、 慎重选择代理
对于准备进入沙特市场的中国汽车企业,在选择代理时一定要特别慎重,充分了解对方的背景,了解其市场运作能力、资金实力、管理水平等。
在沙特,外国企业与沙特公司确立代理关系后将在沙特商工会注册,更换代理是十分麻烦的。在解除前任代理的代理关系之前,无法与其它沙特公司确定新的代理关系。中国某汽车企业,就是由于这种原因,虽经几年的努力,也未解除关系,产品也未能进入沙特市场。教训极其深刻。
中国驻沙特使馆经商处
2006年12月11日
附件一
Procedure to Verify Compliance of New Motor Vehicles and Tyres Under
the GCC Conformity Certificate Scheme
1. Introduction
In accordance with the decision of the Ministerial Council of the GCC
Standardization Organization (GSO) held in
have a common GCC Conformity Certificate based on the relevant Gulf
Standards for new motor vehicles and tires, the GCC Conformity Certificate
for Motor Vehicles and Tires will be verified and approved by the GSO's Head
quarters starting
2. Procedure
The following procedure will be adopted to enforce the new system:
2-1
Existing Models of vehicles
For existing models with previously held GCC Conformity Certificates,
manufacturers should submit for new GCC Conformity Certificate (two
originals) to the GSO head office.
(It is not necessary to provide test report and substantiating data for
existing models of vehicles).
New models of Vehicles
Manufacturers should submit for GCC Conformity Certificate (two originals)
along with test report to GSO.
It is not necessary to provide substantiating data at this stage. However
GSO reserves the right to ask for test reports or test data if needed. The
tests shall be carried out at the manufacturers testing facility or at an
independent facility accepted by GSO.
Tyres
Manufacturers should submit for GCC Conformity Certificate (two originals)
along with relevant test report format to GSO along with substantiating test
reports/test data.
2-2
Submitted documents will be reviewed for completeness and accuracy. On
successful review the GSO will allot a reference number to each certificate
submitted.
2-3
GSO will review the certificate and the test documents and will confirm
approval/rejection of the vehicle/tyre to the concerned manufacturer. If the
review results in rejection then the reason for this will also be
communicated to the manufacturer.
2-4
The GSO will stamp and sign the relevant GCC Conformity Certificate with
the appropriate stamp and send one of the original certificates to the
manufacturer. The other original copy shall be retained on the GSO’s client
file.
2-5
In the case of rejected certificates the rejected certificate will not be issued
to the manufacturer but only the reason for the rejection will also be
communicated to the manufacturer.
Note:
The test report shall be prepared by the manufacturer on their company’s
letterhead paper using the appropriate format mentioned under item 5.
If deemed necessary, a visit to the manufacturing plant may be requested in
order to evaluate the quality control system and the testing facility available.
Moreover, witness testing where necessary, may also be required. We
reserve the right to request relevant tests to be carried out by an independent
third party accredited laboratory.
3. Validity of the GCC Conformity Certificates
The validity of the GCC Conformity Certificate shall be as follows:
Vehicles: Certificate is valid until the end of the last month of the
calendar year by which the model year is designated.
Tires: Certificates is valid for one year from the date of approval.
The approved GCC Conformity Certificates is acceptable in all GCC
Countries.
.
4. Fees:
The fees to be charged remain the same as those charged under the previous
GSMO's scheme as follow:
Motor Vehicles:
S.R 200 (US$ 55) per certificate.
Tires:
S.R. 200 (US$55) per certificate.
5. Action to be taken to implement the new system:
The following attached formats will be supplied by GSO office to the
manufacturers:
GCC Conformity Certificate for Motor Vehicle (in accordance with
Gulf standard 48) (See Appendix A )
GCC Conformity Certificate for Passenger Car Tyres (in accordance
with Gulf standard 51) (See Appendix B)
GCC Conformity Certificate for MPV, Bus, Truck and Trailer Tyres
(in accordance with Gulf standard 647) (See Appendix C )
GCC Conformity Certificate for Temporary used spare tyres (in
accordance with Gulf standard 1052) (See Appendix D )
Motor Vehicles – Test Reports (See Appendix E )
Motor Vehicles – Tyres – Test Reports. (See Appendix F )
Should you require any more information or explanation do not hesitate to
contact us at gso-cer@gcc-sg.
附件二
LIST OF STANDARDS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
(2007 Model Year)
StandardsFor certification and test report
STANDARDIZATION ORGANIZATION FOR G.C.C.
(GSO)
| Name of Standard | Gulf Standard No. |
| Lead Acid Batteries | 34 |
| Methods of Test for Lead Acid Batteries | 35 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Impact Strength - Part 1: Frontal Impact | 36/2005 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Impact Strength - Part 2: Rear Impact | 37/2005 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Impact Strength - Part 3A: Side Impact | 38/2005 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Impact Strength - Part 3B: Moving Barrier Side Impact (In accordance to US standards) | 1707/2005 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test For Impact Strength - Part 3C: Moving Barrier Side Impact (In accordance to European standards) | 1708/2005 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Impact Strength - Part 4: Roof Strength | 39/2005 |
| Motor Vehicles - Impact Strength | 40/2005 |
| Motor Vehicles: Front and Rear Exterior Protection Devices for Passenger Cars (Bumpers etc) and its Methods of Test | 41 |
| Motor Vehicles: General Requirements | 42/2003 |
| Motor Vehicles: Conformity Certificates | 48 |
| Passenger Car Tyres - Part 1: Nomenclature, Designation, Dimensions, Load Capacities and Inflation Pressures | 51 |
| Passenger Car Tyres - Part 2: General Requirements | 52 |
| Passenger Car Tyres - Part 3: Testing Methods | 53 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Testing of Safety Belt | 96 |
| Motor Vehicles - Safety Belts | 97 |
| Motor Vehicles - Flammability of Interior Materials and Testing Methods | 98 |
| Road Vehicles - Sound Signalling Devices – TechnicalSpecifications | 99 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Engine Radiator | 135 |
| Motor Vehicles - Engine Radiator | 136 |
| Motor Vehicles - Allowable Limits of Pollutants Emitted to the Atmosphere from Heavy Duty Diesel Engined Vehicles | 144 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Testing for Pollutants Emitted from Heavy Duty Diesel Engined Vehicles - Part 1: Determination of Exhaust Gaseous Pollutants | 145 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Testing for Pollutants Emitted from Heavy Duty Diesel Engined Vehicles - Part 2: Determination of Smoke | 146 |
| Motor Vehicles - Conformity Certificates for Vehicles Manufactured in Multi-Stages | 153 |
| Motor Vehicles - Weights and Dimensions | 159 |
| Motor Vehicles - Retro Reflective Number Plates and its Methods of Test | 289 |
| Instruction Manual for Appliances and Equipment | 290 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Testing for Door Locks and Door Hinges | 419 |
| Motor Vehicles - Door Locks and Door Hinges | 420 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Testing of Rearview Mirrors | 421/2005 |
| Motor Vehicles - Rearview Mirrors | 422/2005 |
| Multi-Purpose Vehicles, Trucks, Buses and Trailers Tyres - Part 1: Nomenclature, Designation, Dimensions, Load Capacities and Inflation Pressures | 645 |
| Multi-Purpose Vehicles, Trucks, Buses and Trailers Tyres - Part 2: Testing Method | 646 |
| Multi-Purpose Vehicles, Trucks, Buses and Trailers Tyres - Part 3: General Requirements | 647 |
| Road Vehicles - Safety Glasses - Test Methods for Optical Properties | 684 |
| Motor Vehicles - Engine Test Code – Gross Power | 742/2005 |
| Motor Vehicles - General Requirements for Ambulances | 963 |
| Motor Vehicles - Safety Requirements for Pilgrim Buses | 967 |
| Motor Vehicles - Safety Glass – Mechanical Test | 1007 |
| Allowable Limits of Pollutants Emitted to the Atmosphere from Light Duty Diesel Engined Vehicles | 1040 |
| Methods of Testing for Pollutants Emitted from Light Duty Diesel Engined Vehicles - Part 1: Determination of Exhaust Gaseous Pollutants | 1041 |
| Methods of Testing for Pollutants Emitted from Light Duty Diesel Engined Vehicles - Part 2: Determination of Smoke | 1042 |
| Motor Vehicles Tyres - Temporary Use Spare Wheel/Tyres and Their Methods of Test | 1052* |
| Motor Vehicles - Protection Against Theft | 1053 |
| Motor Vehicle - Head Lamps Safety Requirements. | 1503 |
| Motor Vehicles - Head Restraints and Its Method of Testing | 1598 |
| Motor Vehicles - Noise Emission | 1624 |
| Motor Vehicles - Speed Limiters - Part 1: General Requirements Requirements | 1711/2005* |
| Motor Vehicles - Speed Limiters - Part 2: Technical Requirements | 1625* |
| Motor Vehicles - Speed Limiters - Part 3: Methods of Test | 1626* |
| Motor Vehicles –Laminated Safety Glass | 1677 |
| Motor Vehicles – Allowable Limits of Gaseous Pollutants Emitted to the atmosphere from Unleaded Gasoline Vehicles. | 1680 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Unleaded Gasoline Engined Vehicles - Part 1: Determination of Exhaust Gaseous Pollutants After a Cold Start | 1681 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Unleaded Gasoline Engined Vehicles - Part 2: Determination of Exhaust Carbon Monoxide Concentration | 1682 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Unleaded Gasoline Engined Vehicles - Part 3: Determination of Evaporative Emissions (Hydro- carbons) from the Fuel System Using the Enclosure Method | 1683 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Unleaded Gasoline Engined Vehicles - Part 4: Determination of Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Engine Crankcase | 1684 |
| Motor Vehicles - Methods of Test for Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Unleaded Gasoline Engined Vehicles – Part 5: Determination of Durability of Pollution Control Equipment | 1685 |
| Motor Vehicles – Child Restraints Systems | 1709/2005* |
| Motor Vehicles – Methods of Testing of Child Restraints Systems | 1710/2005* |
* Applicable for certification if provided.
Additional requirments for certification
SAUDI STANDARDS :
| Name of Standard | Saudi Standard No. |
| Sound Broadcast Radio Receiver - Service Performance Test | 380* |
| Low Power Radio Frequency Devices | 1322* |
| Sound Broadcast Radio Receiver - Part 2 - General Requirements | 1323* |
| Lead Acid Starter Batteries Used for Motor Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines. | 1919 |
| Methods of Test for Lead Acid Starter Batteries Used for Motor Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines. | 1920 |
| Motor Vehicles – Vehicles Identification Number (VIN) - Requirements | 2249 |
| Motor Vehicles - World Manufacturer Identifier | 2250 |
| Motor Vehicles – Vehicles Identification Number (VIN) – Location and attachment. | 2251 |
| Motor Vehicles Tyres – Treadwear, Traction and Temperature Resistance Grading. | 2252 |
| Motor Vehicles Tyres - Part 3 – Method of Testing of Tire Temperature Resistance Grading. | 2253 |
* Applicable for certification if provided.


