吉尔吉斯斯坦美食

Kyrgyz culture takes its roots from antiquity. Itsformation was largely influenced by Turkic tribes that migrated in the earlyMiddle Ages from the territory of the Altay and East Turkestan. Before the 20thcentury there was the Kyrgyz tribal division. Some of the Kyrgyz still adhereto this tradition. Customs and traditions of the southern Kyrgyz of theFerghana Valley and the Eastern Pamirs differ from the traditions of thenorthern Kyrgyz living in areas of the Tien Shan, Issyk-kul lake region andareas of the Chu and Talas rivers.

吉尔吉斯文化源远流长，其形成很大程度上受到中世纪早期从阿勒泰和东突厥斯坦领土迁徙的突厥部落的影响。20世纪之前，吉尔吉斯的部落发生了分裂。一些吉尔吉斯人仍然坚持这一传统。费尔干纳河谷和东帕米尔地区的吉尔吉斯南部的风俗习惯与吉尔吉斯北部居住在天山，伊塞克湖地区和楚河和塔拉斯河地区的传统不同。

The spiritual culture of each nation is kept fromgeneration to generation in the form of traditions and customs, as well as oraland written records. Due to the nomadic lifestyle the Kyrgyz have not leftbehind so much written evidence, but from generation to generation, they passedtheir epics and legends. The Kyrgyz poem "Manas" is the largest pieceof a heroic epic. It is a large volume trilogy, collected by many generationsof storytellers – manaschy. Until the 19th century, poem passed down orally, andeven today many people come to Kyrgyzstan to listen and to enjoy the famousepic by talented storytellers.

每个民族的精神文化都是以传统习俗的形式不断传承下来的，同样也有口头和文字的记录。游牧的生活方式使得吉尔吉斯并没有留下如此多的文字记载，而是一代又一代地传递了他们的史诗和传说。吉尔吉斯诗歌《玛纳斯》是英雄史诗中最大的一部。这是一个巨大的三部曲，由几代讲故事的人收集而成。直到19世纪，诗歌才流传下来。甚至到今天，还有不少人来到吉尔吉斯斯坦，倾听和欣赏有才华的故事讲述者讲述着著名的英雄史诗。

Kyrgyz culture is rich and varied. It combines moreelements of the nomadic culture, but some regions of Kyrgyzstan (south) areoriginally agricultural. Such co-existence is unique and indicative only forthe Central Asian region.

吉尔吉斯文化丰富多彩，其结合了游牧文化的更多元素，但是一些吉尔吉斯斯坦（南部）地区以农业为主。这种共存是独一无二的，只有中亚地区才有这样的特色。

Placed along the Great Silk Road, Kyrgyzstan developedinto a junction of trade and cultural traditions between China, Iran, India,Arabian Sea and the Western World, and, consequently, a home for over 80ethnicities.

吉尔吉斯斯坦沿着“大丝绸之路”发展成为中国、伊朗、印度、阿拉伯海和西方世界之间的贸易和文化传统的交汇点，因此成为80多个民族的家园。

The great «Manas» epos plays a starring role in theculture of the Kyrgyz people. The epic hero Manas is a people’s heropersonifying power, freedom and unity of the Kyrgyz people. Oral legends ofManas were delivered from a generation to generation for centuries and finallyhave developed into an epos containing over 500 000 poetic lines. The"Manas" epos is considered the largest epic work in the world.

伟大的《玛纳斯》史诗在吉尔吉斯斯坦人民的文化中扮演着主要角色。史诗般的英雄玛纳斯是吉尔吉斯人民的人格英雄化身，自由和统一的人民。玛纳斯的口述传说已经世世代代传承了好几个世纪，最后发展成为一个拥有超过五十万诗歌的史诗。《玛纳斯》史诗被认为是世界上最大的史诗作品。

National cuisine

Kyrgyzstan hosts over 80 distinct cultures andnationalities. Unsurprisingly, its diverse multi ethnic environment hasinfluenced a variety of national cuisines and beverages particularly fromKyrgyz, Russian, Dungan, Uzbek, and Korean traditions. Kyrgyz food is heavy onmeat, dairy, and bread, and light on spices. This is less true of Dungan and Uighurdishes. Each meal ends with the "omin," a face-washing-like motion,which gives thanks to God.

国家美食

吉尔吉斯斯坦拥有超过80个不同的文化和民族。不出所料，多元民族多元化的环境，特别是吉尔吉斯、俄罗斯、东干族，乌兹别克斯坦和韩国的传统影响了各种民族饮食。吉尔吉斯的食物大多数为肉类、奶制品和面包，而且在香料上使用的不太多。这与东干族和维吾尔菜肴不太一样。 每餐都以“omin”结尾，这是一种洗脸般的动作，向上帝表示感谢。

Besh barmak for Kyrgyz people isn't just anordinary meal - it is a ceremony complete with its own traditions and customs.A whole sheep is cut up and boiled in a kazan (iron pot) until the soup fromthis pot is ready to be drunk and the bones with meat on them are ready to bedistributed. The dish (boiled pieces of meat with home-made noodles) is eatenwith the fingers (besh barmak means "five fingers" in Kyrgyz).

别什巴尔马克对于吉尔吉斯人民来说不仅仅是一顿普通的饭菜. 这是一个拥有自己的传统和习俗的仪式。整只羊被切碎，在一个喀山（铁锅）中煮熟，直到锅里的汤、肉骨头都可以食用。这道菜（用自制面条煮熟的肉）是用手指抓着来吃的（吉尔吉斯斯坦的besh barmak意思是“五指”）。

Plov is generally served as an enormous mound of rice withonions and carrots, and pieces of boiled meat on top.

手抓饭通常含有大米、一大堆洋葱和胡萝卜，还有一些煮熟的肉在上面。

Manty (fist-sized steamed dumplings filled with mutton andonions). lagman (a Dungan dish of thick home-made noodles in arelatively spicy sauce, with cabbage, onions, and tomatoes), kuurdak(slices of fried mutton beef, with onions and spices, served on a plategarnisned with herbs), shorpo (soup with potatoes, vegetables, and a bighunk of mutton on the bone). The guests are also offered the different snacksas kuiruk-boor (a slice of sheep's tail fat and a slice of that sheep'sliver, served together with spices.

Manty（装满羊肉和洋葱的拳头大小的饺子）；lagman（一种厚厚的自制面条，比较辛辣的酱汁，白菜、洋葱和西红柿）；kuurdak（炸羊肉片，洋葱和香料，在板上和草药呈上）；shorpo汤配土豆，蔬菜，还有一大块带骨羊肉）。客人还可以享用不同的小吃，如kuiruk-boor（一片绵羊的尾巴脂肪和一片羊肝，与香料一起食用）。

Among a variety of drinks one should be mentionedseparately. Kymyz is the most popular drink on the jailoo, made fromfermented mare's milk. Bozo is a thick fermented millet drink, slightlycarbonated and drunk mostly in the winter. Jarma: A drink of fermentedbarley, drunk mostly in summer.

各种各样的饮料中应该分别提到。Kymyz是jailoo上最受欢迎的饮料，由发酵的马奶制成。Bozo是一种浓厚的发酵小米饮料，在冬天大部分时间都是少量的碳酸饮料。 Jarma：一杯发酵的大麦饮品，主要在夏天饮用。

美食节上吉尔吉斯斯坦美食展示